See 返る on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "帰る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "go home",
"roman": "kaeru",
"translation": "go home",
"word": "還る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "hatch out",
"roman": "kaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"孵",
"かえ"
]
],
"translation": "hatch out",
"word": "孵る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "topple",
"roman": "kutsugaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"覆",
"くつがえ"
]
],
"translation": "topple",
"word": "覆る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "turn around",
"roman": "hirugaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"翻",
"ひるがえ"
]
],
"translation": "turn around",
"word": "翻る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "funzorikaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"踏",
"ふ"
],
[
"反",
"ぞ"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"word": "踏ん反り返る"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kape₁ru⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kape₁ru⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kaperu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kaperu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kape₁ru⟩ → */kapʷeru/ → /kaferu/ → /kawʲeru/ → /kaeru/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kaperu.\nAppears to be derived from a kape- stem, compare 返す (kaesu, “return”, transitive).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "返る ^intransitive godan",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "返り",
"roman": "kaeri",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返った",
"roman": "kaetta",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "返ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "返る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "返れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "返れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "返らば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かへらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "返りき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "返りけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "返りつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返りぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返れり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返りたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafereri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返らむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かへらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "復る",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かえる",
"hhira": "かへる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "返(かえ)る • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?)intransitive godan (stem 返(かえ)り (kaeri), past 返(かえ)った (kaetta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かへ",
"2": "4-r"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "return, turn back",
"roman": "modoru",
"ruby": [
[
"戻",
"もど"
]
],
"translation": "return, turn back",
"word": "戻る"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to return, to go back"
],
"id": "en-返る-ja-verb-s07LeMkx",
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"go back",
"go back"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -eru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reverse, to turn over",
"to move in the opposite direction"
],
"id": "en-返る-ja-verb-qIh4zqYI",
"links": [
[
"reverse",
"reverse"
],
[
"turn over",
"turn over"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -eru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reverse, to turn over",
"to interchange front and back"
],
"id": "en-返る-ja-verb-tEgr0wAi",
"links": [
[
"reverse",
"reverse"
],
[
"turn over",
"turn over"
],
[
"interchange",
"interchange"
],
[
"front",
"front"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to change color, to fade"
],
"id": "en-返る-ja-verb-WC6C0thN",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"fade",
"fade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to renew"
],
"id": "en-返る-ja-verb-1L4o24qA",
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"renew",
"renew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a year) to renew"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a year"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 10 10 5 4 41 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -eru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 14 14 10 10 20 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 10 8 6 32 12 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 7 7 5 5 43 11 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 9 10 19 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 13 9 10 18 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 2 1 2 56 7 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 6 5 4 37 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 6 4 5 41 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 4 3 3 57 5 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 3 2 2 54 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to start over"
],
"id": "en-返る-ja-verb-Qvexko~h",
"links": [
[
"start over",
"start over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) to start over"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -eru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of a verb:",
"to [verb] completely"
],
"id": "en-返る-ja-verb-39s8HOPx",
"links": [
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"completely",
"completely"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -eru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 14 14 8 9 19 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
65,
70
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
26
]
],
"english": "(please add an English translation of this example)",
"ref": "c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 2890:",
"roman": "nubatama no yo o nagami ka mo waga seko ga ime ni ime ni shi mie-kaeruran",
"ruby": [
[
"夜",
"よ"
],
[
"長",
"なが"
],
[
"背子",
"せこ"
],
[
"夢",
"いめ"
],
[
"夢",
"いめ"
],
[
"見",
"み"
]
],
"text": "ぬばたまの夜を長みかもわが背子が夢に夢にし見えかへるらむ",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this example)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of a verb:",
"to [verb] over and over or repeatedly"
],
"id": "en-返る-ja-verb-1XFRg3eE",
"links": [
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"over and over",
"over and over"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟]"
},
{
"other": "かえる"
}
],
"word": "返る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -eru",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms read with kun'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 返 read as かえ",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "帰る"
},
{
"english": "go home",
"roman": "kaeru",
"translation": "go home",
"word": "還る"
},
{
"english": "hatch out",
"roman": "kaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"孵",
"かえ"
]
],
"translation": "hatch out",
"word": "孵る"
},
{
"english": "topple",
"roman": "kutsugaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"覆",
"くつがえ"
]
],
"translation": "topple",
"word": "覆る"
},
{
"english": "turn around",
"roman": "hirugaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"翻",
"ひるがえ"
]
],
"translation": "turn around",
"word": "翻る"
},
{
"roman": "funzorikaeru",
"ruby": [
[
"踏",
"ふ"
],
[
"反",
"ぞ"
],
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"word": "踏ん反り返る"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kape₁ru⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kape₁ru⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kaperu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kaperu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kape₁ru⟩ → */kapʷeru/ → /kaferu/ → /kawʲeru/ → /kaeru/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kaperu.\nAppears to be derived from a kape- stem, compare 返す (kaesu, “return”, transitive).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "返る ^intransitive godan",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kaeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "返り",
"roman": "kaeri",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返った",
"roman": "kaetta",
"ruby": [
[
"返",
"かえ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "返ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "返る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kafere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "返らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "返れど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "返れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kafereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "返らば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "かへらば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "返りき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "返りけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "返りつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返りぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返れり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返りたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへれり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "かへりたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kafereri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "返らむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かへらむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kaferamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "復る",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"kanji",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かえる",
"hhira": "かへる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "返(かえ)る • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?)intransitive godan (stem 返(かえ)り (kaeri), past 返(かえ)った (kaetta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かへ",
"2": "4-r"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "return, turn back",
"roman": "modoru",
"ruby": [
[
"戻",
"もど"
]
],
"translation": "return, turn back",
"word": "戻る"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to return, to go back"
],
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"go back",
"go back"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to reverse, to turn over",
"to move in the opposite direction"
],
"links": [
[
"reverse",
"reverse"
],
[
"turn over",
"turn over"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"opposite",
"opposite"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to reverse, to turn over",
"to interchange front and back"
],
"links": [
[
"reverse",
"reverse"
],
[
"turn over",
"turn over"
],
[
"interchange",
"interchange"
],
[
"front",
"front"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to change color, to fade"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"fade",
"fade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to renew"
],
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"renew",
"renew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a year) to renew"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a year"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to start over"
],
"links": [
[
"start over",
"start over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) to start over"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of a verb:",
"to [verb] completely"
],
"links": [
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"completely",
"completely"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Japanese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
65,
70
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
26
]
],
"english": "(please add an English translation of this example)",
"ref": "c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 2890:",
"roman": "nubatama no yo o nagami ka mo waga seko ga ime ni ime ni shi mie-kaeruran",
"ruby": [
[
"夜",
"よ"
],
[
"長",
"なが"
],
[
"背子",
"せこ"
],
[
"夢",
"いめ"
],
[
"夢",
"いめ"
],
[
"見",
"み"
]
],
"text": "ぬばたまの夜を長みかもわが背子が夢に夢にし見えかへるらむ",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this example)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of a verb:",
"to [verb] over and over or repeatedly"
],
"links": [
[
"連用形",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"over and over",
"over and over"
],
[
"repeatedly",
"repeatedly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟]"
},
{
"other": "かえる"
}
],
"word": "返る"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 返る meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)
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"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"返る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "返る",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 10"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"返る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "返る",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 10"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"返る"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "返る",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.